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Polysemy in English Modal Verbs
KUBÁSEK, Vít
One of the features of modal verbs is their polysemous meaning. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to quantify polysemy by means of spoken (BASE) and written (ukWaC) corpus. Modal meanings of the selected English modal verbs are classified based on available sources, mainly on Cognitive English Grammar. The thesis also contains prototypical examples of all modal meanings of each selected modal verb.
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English (semi-)modal "need (to)" and its Czech counterparts
Polláková, Helena ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The English verb need (to) belongs to the class of verbs which show characteristics of both modal and lexical verbs. The aim of the study is to provide a description of the verb with respect to its semantics, use and grammatical features. The first theoretical part summarizes theoretical findings about the verb need (to) and marginal modals and modality in general. Furthermore, it briefly touches upon the issue of expressing modality in Czech. The empirical part is then based on the analysis of selected examples extracted from the English-Czech part of the parallel corpus InterCorp. The analysis examines the proportion of the use of need and need to and the means of their translation in Czech - whether the corresponding Czech sentences include modal verbs, modal adverbs, verbal or verbo-nominal constructions meaning potřebovat or completely different means.
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Modal verb "be" and its Czech counterparts
Tomšová, Karolina ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The present thesis studies the English modal verb be and its Czech translation counterparts. The aim of this work is to analyse its Czech translation counterparts and outline the methods that are most frequently used to translate this construction. The modal verb be is examined in construction with both the active and passive infinitive as well as in the present form or the past form of the infinitive. Next, the modal verb be is analysed from the syntactic point of view as the types of sentences in which the modal be occurs most frequently are examined. The thesis consists of two parts: the theoretical background which introduces the topic of the modal verb be and the empirical part which analyses one hundred examples taken from the Parallel Corpora InterCorp. Five key areas are examined in the analysis: the modality expressed by the modal verb be, the Czech translation counterparts of the deontic and epistemic use of the modal verb be, the voice in which the infinitive in the construction with the modal verb be occurs and the types of sentences in which the modal be appears most frequently. The findings acquired in the analysis are summarized in the conclusion.
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English conditional clauses and their Czech translation counterparts
Dunková, Jiřina ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
72 ABSTRACT The present work studies the English unreal/hypothetical conditional clauses with past time reference and their Czech translation counterparts. The conditional clauses studied are connected to the matrix clauses either syndetically by if or unless, or they are asyndetically by an inversion. The focus of the study is to examine the ways by which the English conditional clauses with the pluperfect tense are translated into Czech. Attention is also paid to the conjunctions used in the Czech translation counterparts. Next, the analysis focuses on the different types of conditionals in which the pluperfect is used and on the modal verbs used in the matrix clauses of the English conditional sentences containing a conditional clause. It is also examined how the various types of conditionals and the modal verbs in the matrix clauses influence the form of the Czech translation counterparts. The analysis is performed on one hundred example sentences that have been excerpted from the InterCorp, the parallel English- Czech corpora provided through the web pages of the Czech National Corpora. The data collected were of two kinds; the first, larger group consists of English original sentences with their Czech translation counterparts and the second group consists of Czech original sentences with their English...
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Some problems in translating modal verbs structures from German to Czech
Kratochvílová, Jana ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Kloudová, Věra (referee)
The subject matter of this diploma thesis is linguistic modality in German with focus on certain problems in translating modal verbs structures from German to Czech. In the theoretical part, the concept of modality as well as the differentiation of modal field is elucidated. Besides the usually used classification of subjective and objective modality, a more precise structure is applied, which is that of epistemic and non-epistemic modality. In addition, in the field of non-epistemic modality, two other sub-types are distinguished according to whether a speaker s evaluation is present or not. The practical part methodologically relies on concrete data such as modal verbs used with perfect infinitive or modal verbs in past perfect tense (Plusquamperfekt) and their translations from German to Czech. Based on selected examples, the aim of this thesis is to emphasize the main differences between Czech and German modality and to underline their essential significance to the translation accuracy.
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Some problems in translating modal means in a contrastive manner
Nováková, Ludmila ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Maroszová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with modality in German and highlights possible problems which can arise when modal formulations are translated from German into Czech. It focuses on modal verbs, which are presented as a special verb group. Knowledge of modal verbs is the basic prerequisite for accurate translation as far as semantics, grammar and stylistics are concerned. Since the correct identification of modality in a sentence essentially influences the accuracy of a translation, modality is considered exhaustively. Data was gathered from the parallel corpus Intercorp (project of parallel corpuses of The Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague), the Coocurrency Database (CCDB) IDS Mannheim which competes with the parallel corpus InterCorp, and original German fiction texts and their Czech translations and was the subject of comparative critical analysis. These analyses demonstrate the problematic phenomena encountered when German modal formulations are translated into Czech.
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English modal verbs - EMSA update
Škardová, Zuzana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to contribute to the proposed project concerning the update of the multi-media application EMSA (Elektronická mluvnice současné angličtiny, The electronic grammar of contemporary English). This project is based on the text of Mluvnice současné angličtiny na pozadí češtiny [Grammar of contemporary English against the background of Czech] by Professor PhDr. Libuše Dušková, DrSc. et al., which was digitalized and can be accessed at the website www.mluvniceanglictiny.cz. In the future, this application aims to contain supplementary texts, relevant bibliographic information, exercises, authentic examples acquired from electronic corpora, etc. The particular task of this diploma thesis is the critical revision of chapter 8.4 Modal verbs. The first step was the survey of relevant literature and identification of parts which are not explicitly covered by Dušková's original text. These findings are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis (chapter 1.); they are concerned mainly with theoretical definitions (e.g. the delimitation of central and marginal modals or kinds of modality) and information concerning the distribution and recent developments of modal verbs. The second main step was to compile these findings into texts which would be suitable for the use in the project...
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Use of modality in Danish and Czech with focus on modal verbs
Nedělčevová, Anna ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The Bachelor Thesis deals with the comparison of the use of modality in Czech and Danish. At the beginning of the Thesis, the term modality is introduced. In the following part the possibilities of expressing modality in both languages are briefly described and the next part is focused on the modal verbs. The reader is acquainted with the analysis concerning translation from Czech to Danish and vice versa using the text Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí from Milan Kundera and its translation to Danish in corpus of parallel texts. The findings obtained from the analysis aim to specify semantic description of modal verbs presented in accessible grammar books. In addition, this new description takes in consideration the needs of Czech speaker.
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Finnish Epistemic Modals in Contrastive Perspective
Janoušková, Kateřina ; Fárová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čermáková, Anna (referee)
This corpus based diploma thesis takes stock of Finnish epistemic modal verbs voida, saattaa, taitaa and mahtaa and surveys their translational counterparts as they can be found in the parallel corpus InterCorp. The aim of the thesis is to find out what tendencies there can be found in the translation of the modals in question. In the theoretical part, there is, firstly, a description of both modality and modal verbs in Finnish and Czech, secondly, of the differences between the approaches to modality in both languages and, thirdly, of the features of translated language. In the analytical part, the translations are sorted out into categories based on the particular modal specifiers. The description of the different modal specifier categories follows.
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MODAL VERBS CAN, MAY, MUST. THE FORMS AND USE.
BŘICHÁČKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with a closed class of modal verbs, both in terms of morphological-syntactic and in terms of functional-semantic. It explores the common formal features with the auxiliary verbs and their use in contemporary English. The work is divided into a theoretical part classifying the issues of modal verbs and a practical part focusing on practising the theory which has been mentioned. The practical part is further divided into several levels from the simplest to the most difficult. The conclusion of the work is formed by a summary test containing three parts and their evaluations.
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